Objectives: The current study aimed to compare between the chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) and healthy subjects during four phases of the trunk flexion-extension task (standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension phases) by using pool coherence as well as pairwise coherence of Beta band Intermuscular coherence (Bb-IMC) and flexion relaxation phenomena. Methods: Twenty-four men with CNSLBP and 20 healthy men voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed three tests of Flexion-extension task (F-ET) while the surface electromyography (sEMGs) were recorded from the right erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region "1", left erector spinal muscle of the lumbar region "2", right gluteus maximus muscle"3", left gluteus maximus muscle"4", right hamstring muscle"5" and left hamstring muscle"6". Accordingly, group A contains muscles 1, 4, and 6 and group B consists of muscles 2, 3, and 5. The pool coherence (PC) and the pairwise coherence (PWC) for all the above-mentioned muscles were calculated using Beta-band intermuscular coherence analysis. Thereafter, the mean pool coherence (mPC) was considered for group A and group B for four phases of F-ET in three groups as following: CNSLBP patients group, healthy subjects group and the third group included all subjects that participated in this study, whether patients or healthy and it was called the general group. Moreover, the mean pairwise coherence (mPWC) among each pair of group A and B muscles was calculated for four phases of F-ET using Bb-IMC in CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Results: These results indicated a high value of A mPC in the general group and healthy subjects in the fl exion phase, whereas the same A mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in all phases of F-ET. On the other hand, while B mPC was high in the general group and healthy subjects in the extension phase; it was high in all phases of F-ET in CNSLBP patients; B mPC in CNSLBP patients was high in extension, standing, and fl exion phases. A mPWC and B mPWC were not signifi cantly different between CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects in all phases of F-ET. However, only A mPWC "1-4" and the A mPWC "4-6" were signifi cantly smaller in CNSLBP patients compared to the healthy subjects in the relaxation and fl exion phases, respectively. Hence, we suggest pool coherence of Bb-IMC, not pairwise coherence of Bb-IMC, to compare CNSLBP patients and healthy subjects. Conclusions: According to the present fi ndings, we suggest using the pool coherence of Bb-IMC in the clinical examination for CNSLBP patients and studying the probable cortical effects and the effectiveness of various treatments on corticospinal tract function in CNSLBP.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and agreement of the Beta-band Intermuscular Coherence (Bb-IMC) as a clinical assessment tool for Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain (NS-CLBP) patients and healthy subjects by studying four phases of the Flexion-Extension Task (F-ET): standing, flexion, relaxation, and extension phases. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four men with NS-CLBP and 20 healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects performed three trials of F-ET while the surface electromyography was recorded from the lumbar erector spinal, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles of both sides. Beta-band intermuscular coherence analysis was used to calculate the pool coherence and the pairwise coherence for all mentioned muscles. Afterward, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) for four phases of F-ET were used to analyze the intrarater reliability and agreement of the measurements. Results: The investigation of ICC, SEM, and MDC showed that the reliability was moderate to a high level for pool and pairwise coherence of Bb-IMC in all mentioned muscles for four phases of the flexion-extension task in NS-CLBP patients and healthy subjects. Yet, the agreement was low because the measurement error was relatively large. Conclusion: So far, no studies have used the Bb-IMC method to study low back pain, which is carried out in our research to check the reliability of this new method. Our findings revealed that pool and pairwise coherence obtained during F-ET have moderate to a high level of reliability for using Bb-IMC and could be considered a tool for the NS-CLBP patients’ assessment. Despite the small sample size investigated, in clinical practice the using Bb-IMC measure can help to study the interaction of corticospinal in NS-CLBP and also in healthy subjects. This measure requires larger sample sizes in addition to studying other circumstances and functional movements such as lifting weight. Further, more research appears to be warranted by the observed effectiveness of a particular intervention in modulation mechanisms of corticospinal tract function by Bb-IMC in NS-CLBP.

As far as many water sports like swimming, water polo, and also new science "water curement" are directly related to the healthy condition of water, we have studied the water of some pools in the present research. This semi experimental research involves studying some microbic and chemical laboratory experiments on water. We have studied 26 roofed and unroofed pools in Mashhad in order to study the color of water, counting bacteria, comparison of state and private pools, and comparison of the result with the standards of Health Ministry and Industrial Research. The result showed that from 3.2 water samples taken from pools, the amount of color left in 22.8 percent of samples were appropriate and according to the standards, and 77.2 percent were not according to the standards. Counting all the bacteria of the samples showed that 45.2 percent of samples were out of the standards. So we have concluded that the studied pools were polluted. There was a meaningful correlation between the pollution of water and the management of the pools. And the state pools were much more polluted than the private pools. The amount of color left in private pools was equal to 0.543 milligram per liter, while in state pools it was 0.389. Also we have found that there is a meaningful correlation between the roofed and unroofed pools. Health conditions of roofed pools were much better than unroofed pools regarding the condition of maintenance. We have found that some factors such as open space, the number of users, and also the sunlight affects on unroofed pools' water conditions. So the result showed that the government has much more supervision on private pools while state pools don't have appropriate conditions.

The design calculations of the spent fuel pool require the consideration of various parameters such as neutronic, thermal-hydraulic, safety, shielding, economic and operation. Considering the high cost of designing and building of a new spent fuel pool as well as the existence of empty spaces in the pool of some research reactors, neutronic and shielding calculations for the feasibility of using second pool of a typical research reactor as a spent fuel pool is done using ORIGEN2.1 and MCNP6 codes. The first step is the determination of the distance between fuels (grid pitch) in such a way that the effective multiplication factor for the worst possible case is less than 0.95, that 13 cm grid pitch fulfills this condition. Source term calculation for a fuel with the highest burnup (60%) is done as the most pessimistic condition. Continuous operation and 24 hours cooling are considered as the shortest possible time to transfer spent fuels to the storage rack in order to have the most pessimistic conditions in the design of spent fuel rack. For a rack with 100 spent fuels that is 87 cm away from the pool wall on each side, a 300 cm layer of water on top of the fuels and 85 cm thick concrete wall are enough for the possibility of using second pool as a spent fuel pool. It has been found that it meets the dose rate criteria of less than 1 and 10 μSv/h behind the wall and above the pool water level.

Pool water must have a certain quality parameters for the vital processes of trout. For this purpose, monitoring of a pool water quality of trout farms is realized using fuzzy logic with graphical user interface (GUI). Pool water qualities of four trout farms with different sources were investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, pH and electrical conductivity parameters during 270 days of study period between August 2011 and April 2012. The resulting data set created a 21 × 32-sized matrix for all parameters. Comparison between input and output waters of pools is made with SPSS (PASW 18) software for parameter changes in the pools. It would be too difficult for the observer researcher to interpret this set, a computer program was developed with fuzzy logic system, the decision-making tool, to graphically present the Turkish Water Pollution Control by laws state in pool water quality. Fuzzy logic was used in the evaluation of these data and notification of the critical states which exceeded the limiting values. The classification of the product of the quality characteristics is performed by human experts due to the absence of measuring devices. The program is developed to graphically present the conditions regarding pool water quality with GUI. Fuzzy logic results are presented on the monitors. The results enable even those people with inadequate knowledge about the subject to comment on pool water quality of farms. This software increases awareness of the water quality.